Indian River System - Part 2

INDIAN RIVER SYSTEM - PART 2

MAJOR RIVERS OF INDIA

INDUS :
•    Snow ranges of  Himalayas at an attitude of 5000 m in Tibet, near Mansarover Lake.
•    The Zanskar is its left bank tributary in Ladakh. In the plains, its left bank tributary  is the  Chenab which itself has four major tributaries, namely, the Jhelum, the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej. Its principal right bank tributaries are the Shyok, the Gilgit, the Kabul, the Gomal and the Kurram.
•    The Indus River is a major river in Asia which flows through Pakistan, India and Tibet.
After flowing for >700 km in India, flows in Pakistan
•    Originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar, the river runs a course through the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, towards Gilgit and Baltistan and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh.
•    The total length of the river is 3,180 km (1,980 mi).
•    It is Pakistan's longest river.
•    The river is the 21st largest river in the world in terms of annual flow.
•    The Indus forms the delta of Pakistan and India mentioned in the Vedic Rigveda as Sapta Sindhu and the Iranian Zend Avesta as Hapta Hindu (both terms meaning "seven rivers").

JHELUM:
•    The river Jhelum rises from Verinag Spring situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the south-eastern part of  the valley of Kashmir in India.
•    The Neelum River, the largest tributary of the Jhelum, joins it, at Domel Muzaffarabad, as does the next largest, the Kunhar River of the Kaghan valley.
•    It flows through Srinagar and the Wular Lake before entering Pakistan through a deep narrow gorge.
•    It also connects with rest of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir on Kohala Bridge east of Circle Bakote. It is then joined by the Poonch River, and flows into the Mangla Dam reservoir in the district of Mirpur.
•    The Jhelum enters the Punjab in the Jhelum District. From there, it flows through the plains
of Pakistan's Punjab, forming the boundary between the Chaj and Sindh Sagar Doabs.
•    It ends in a confluence with the Chenab at Trimmu in District Jhang.
•    The Chenab merges with the Sutlej to form the Panjnad River which joins the Indus River at Mithankot.

CHENAB :
•      Bara Lacha La Pass; originating from H.P, it goes towards north to enter J&K & then turns towards south.
•      Also called Chandrabhaga. The total length of the Chenab is approximately 960 kilometres.
•    It flows from the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and Jech interfluves (Doabs in Persian).
•    It is joined by the Jhelum River at Trimmu and then by the Ravi River Ahmedpur Sial.
•    It then merges with the Sutlej River near Uch Sharif, Pakistan to form the Panjnad or the 'Five Rivers', the fifth being the Beas River which joins the Sutlej near Ferozepur,India.
•      The Chenab then joins the indus at Mithankot.

RAVI :
•    It flows into the south-west, near Dalhousie, and then cuts a gorge in the Dhauladhar Range, before entering the Punjab plain near Madhopur and Pathankot.
•    It then flows along the Indo–Pak border for 80 kilometres (50 mi) before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab River.
•    The total length of the river is about 725 kilometres.
•    Ujh River is another major tributary of the Ravi River.
•    Near Rohtang Pass (Bara Bhangal)

BEAS
•    The chief tributaries are Parbati, Bain, Banganga, Luni and Uhal. The Sutlej continues into Pakistani Punjab and joins the Chenab River at Uch near Bahawalpur  to form the Panjnad River; the latter in turn joins the Indus River at Mithankot. The waters of the Beas and Sutlej rivers are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan.
•    The river rises on the southern face of Rohtang Pass in Kullu.
•    Near Reh in Kangra District it divides into three channels, which reunites after passing Mirthal, 1,000 feet above sea-level.
•    After touching the Jullundur district for a few miles the river forms the boundary between Amritsar and Kapurthala district.
•    Finally the Beas joins the river Satulej at the south-western boundary of Kapurthala
district of Punjab after a total course of 290 miles.

SATLUJ :
•    The Sutlej is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroad region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan.
•    It is the easternmost tributary of the Indus River.
•    The waters of the Sutlej are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan, and are mostly diverted to irrigation canals in India.
•    There are several major hydroelectric projects on the Sutlej, including the 1,000 MW Bhakra Dam, the 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant, and the 1,530 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam.

Note : From north to south, these are Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj