Indian River System - Part 5

INDIAN RIVER SYSTEM - PART 5

HIMALYAN VS PENINSULAR RIVERS :
1. Himalayan rivers have large basins and catchment areas
2. Himalayan rivers have deeper valleys called gorges formed mainly due to upliftment of Himalayas. While, peninsular rivers flow in relatively shallow valleys which are graded due to long age of the rivers
3. Himalayan rivers follow Antecedent Drainage while Peninsular Rivers follow Consequent drainage. (as Himalayan rivers existed before – ante – the emergence of topography)
4. Himalayan rivers meander for they flow in plains with alluvial plains which allow them to shift their path, while on the other hand peninsular rivers flow through rocky areas due to which they take straight courses.
5. Himalayan rivers are young, form big deltas.

Comparison b/w the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers
Aspects	Himalayan River	Peninsular River
Place of Origin	Himalyan Mountains are covered with Glaciers	Peninsular Plateau & Central Highland
Nature of Flow	Perennial: receive water from Glacier & Rain	Seasonal : Dependent on Monsoon rainfall
Type of Drainage	Antecedent & Consequent leading to dendritic pattern in plains	Super Imposed, Rejuvenated resulting, in trellis, radial and rectangular patterns
Nature of River	Long Course, Flowing through the rugged mountains experincing headward erosion & river caputuring, In Plains meandering & Shifting of Course	Smaller, fixed course with wee-adjusted Valleys
Catchment Area	Very large Basins	Relatively smaller Basins
Ages of River	Young & Youthfull, Active & deepening in the valleys	Old rivers with graded profile,and have almost reached their base levels

IMPORTANT HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS IN INDIA
States	Name of the Hydroelectric Plants
Andhra Pradesh	Sileru, Nizamsagar (Manjra), Nagarjun Sagar & Srisailam (Krishna)
Andhra Pradesh	Poochampad (On river Godavari)
Andhra Pradesh	Srisailam power project (Krishna River)
Andhra Pradesh and	Balimela Hydro-Electric Project (Sileru River)
Bihar	Kosi
Bihar and UP	Gandak Project (On the river Gandak)
Gujarat	Ukai and Kakarapara (Tapi), Kadana (Mahi)
Gujarat	Kakrapara Project (On Tapi River)
Hoshangabad district(MP)	Tawa Project (Tawa river, a tributary of the Narmada)
India and Bhutan	Chukka Project
J&K	Dul Hasti (On the rive Chenab)
J&K	Salal Project (Chenab)
J&K	Lower Jhelum, Uri, Salal and Dulhasti
Jharkhand	Subarnrekha; Maithon, Panchet, Tilaiya, (all three under DVC).
Karnataka	Tungabhadra, Sharavati, Mahatma Gandhi (Jog Fall), Sivana Samudram (Kaveri), Lungnamakki.
Karnataka (Belgaum)	Malaprabha Project (Malaprabha river)
Karnataka (Bijapur)	Ghataprabha Valley
Kerala	Idukki (Periyar), Sabarigiri, Ponniar.
Kerala, TN	Sholayar Project (Sholayar River)
M.P.	Gandhi Sagar on Chambal, Pench, Sardar Sarovar on Narmada.
Maharashtra	Koyana Bhivpuri (Tata Hydroelectric Works).
Maharashtra	Jayakwadi Project (On rive Godavari)
Meghalaya	Umiam Project (Umiam River)
MP & UP	Rajghat Dam Project (On Betwa River)
MP, UP and Bihar	Banasagar Project (On Son river)
North East	Loktak (Manipur), Kopili (Assam), Khandong (Meghalya)
Orissa	Hirakud on Mahanadi, Balimela.
Punjab and H.P.	Bhakara Nangal (Satluj), Pong on Beas, Rongtong, Nathpa Jhakri (biggest hydel power project in India) on river Satluj, Chamera and Thien on Ravi.
Rajasthan	Rana Pratap Sagar and Jawahar Sagar on Chambal.
T.N.	Mettur, Papanasam, Kundah
Tamil Nadu	Papanasam Scheme (Tambraparni river)
TN and Kerala	Parambikulam Aliyar
U.P.	Rehand, Khodri on Tons.
Uttarakhand	Tehri Dam on Bhagirathi
West Bengal	Panchet

MULTIPURPOSE PROJECTS OF INDIA
Location Of Dams	Special Features (Note The Purposes Served)
Bhakra Nangal (Satluj)
Bhakra Nangal	•   Joint venture of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. 2 dams – Bhakra and Nangal. Power houses with combined installed capacity of 1204 MW.
	•   Bhakra canal system of irrigation.
	•   One of the highest Gravity Dams in the world (226m).
	•   Huge reservoir (Gobind Sagar Lake in Bilaspur District of Himachal Pradesh).
Damodar Valley Project (Damodar)
Tilaiya	•   Damodar also called as River of sorrow, or sorrow of Bengal,
(R.Barakar) Maithon	Tributary of Hugli; drains the Chotanagpur plateau.
(R. Barkar) Konar(Konar River)	•   This was the First multipurpose river project in India.
Panchet Hill	•   In 1948 – Project executed on the model of TVA (Tennessee Valley River Project) of USA.
(R. Damodar)	•   Durgapur Barrage – created for the storage of irrigation water.
	•   Bakaro and Durgapur Thermal Power Stations are the important
	link to DVC Power Station System, another purpose is Flood control
Hirakund (Mahanadi)
Hirakund(in Sambalpar Distt), Orrisa	•   One of the longest dams in the world (4,801m long)
	•   Two other dams on Mahanadi are at Tikrapara and Naraj.
	•   3 canals have been taken out for irrigation.
	•   It also provides for navigation facility besides power generation.
Rihand   (Tributary Of Son)
Mirzapur Distt U.P	•   Most important multipurpose project in U.P.
	•   Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar is largest man made reservoir in India.
Chambal
Gandhinagar (M.P) Rana Pratap Sagar (Rajasthan) Jawahar Sagar	•   Gandhinagar – long masonry gravity dam.
(Rajasthan)	•   Rana Pratap masonry dam at Rawat Bhata.
	•   Jawahar Sagar is also called Kota Dam
Gandak
Balmikinagar	•   Joint venture of U.P. and Bihar, though Nepal also get irrigation
(Bihar)	and power facilities.
Tungbhadra (Tributary Of Krishna River)
Mallapur,Bellary	•   Joint undertaking of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
distt. (Karnataka).	•   Masonry Dam.
Kosi
Hanumannagar	•   Kosi – Sorrow of Bihar
	•   Object of Project – irrigation, flood control, power generation, land reclamation, fishing and navigation.
Narmada Valley
Sardar Sarovar Project on lower Narmada Valley in Gujarat. Narmada Sagar Dam Project at Narmada in	•   Joint venture of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra, Rajasthan is Beneficiary States.
Madhya Pradesh.	•   Most controversial project in India.
	•   Narmada has the largest no. of tributaries.
Nagarjunasagar Projcet (River Krishna)
Nalgonda Distt.	•   Lal Bahadur Canal had been taken off from it besides the Jawahar
(Andhra Pradesh)	Canal
Tehri Project Confluence Of Bhagirathi And Bhilganga
Garhwal District	•   One of the controversial projects in India.
(Uttarakhand)