LAND FORMS & SOIL - PART 2
PLAINS
• When the stream beds turn gentler due to continued erosion, downward cutting becomes less dominant and lateral erosion of banks increases and as a consequence the hills and valleys are reduced to plains.Generally, plains are very fertile.
• Construction of transport network is easy.
• Thus, these plains are very thickly-populated regions of the world.
• Some of the largest plains made by the rivers are found in Asia and North America.
• For example, in Asia, these plains are formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra in India and the Yangtze in China.
• In India too, the Indo-Gangetic plains are the most densely populated regions of the country.
STRUCTURAL PLAINS
• Structural plains are relatively undisturbed horizontal surfaces of the Earth. They are structurally depressed areas of the world that make up some of the most extensive natural lowlands on the Earth’s surface.
EROTIONAL PLAINS
• Formed when elevated tracts of land are warned by the process of erotion.
• Deposition develops a floodplain just as erosion makes valleys.
• Floodplain is a major landform of river deposition.
• Large sized materials are deposited first when stream channel breaks into a gentle slope.
• Thus, normally, fine sized materials like sand, silt and clay are carried by relatively slow moving waters in gentler channels usually found in the plains and deposited over the bed and when the waters spill over the banks during flooding above the bed.
• A river bed made of river deposits is the active floodplain.
• The floodplain above the bank is inactive floodplain.
• A coastal plain is a stretch of lowland along a seacoast which slopes toward the sea.
PLATEAUS
• Plateaus are elevated flat lands.
• They are a flat-topped table land standing above the surrounding area.
• Plateaus are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits.
• As a result, many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau areas.
• The biggest, tallest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau.
• A plateau with a lot of erosion is called a dissected plateau.
• A plateau that is also a volcano is called a volcanic plateau.
• Some plateaus are under the ocean, like the Seychelles plateau.
• When the stream beds turn gentler due to continued erosion, downward cutting becomes less dominant and lateral erosion of banks increases and as a consequence the hills and valleys are reduced to plains.Generally, plains are very fertile.
• Construction of transport network is easy.
• Thus, these plains are very thickly-populated regions of the world.
• Some of the largest plains made by the rivers are found in Asia and North America.
• For example, in Asia, these plains are formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra in India and the Yangtze in China.
• In India too, the Indo-Gangetic plains are the most densely populated regions of the country.
STRUCTURAL PLAINS
• Structural plains are relatively undisturbed horizontal surfaces of the Earth. They are structurally depressed areas of the world that make up some of the most extensive natural lowlands on the Earth’s surface.
EROTIONAL PLAINS
• Formed when elevated tracts of land are warned by the process of erotion.
• Deposition develops a floodplain just as erosion makes valleys.
• Floodplain is a major landform of river deposition.
• Large sized materials are deposited first when stream channel breaks into a gentle slope.
• Thus, normally, fine sized materials like sand, silt and clay are carried by relatively slow moving waters in gentler channels usually found in the plains and deposited over the bed and when the waters spill over the banks during flooding above the bed.
• A river bed made of river deposits is the active floodplain.
• The floodplain above the bank is inactive floodplain.
• A coastal plain is a stretch of lowland along a seacoast which slopes toward the sea.
PLATEAUS
• Plateaus are elevated flat lands.
• They are a flat-topped table land standing above the surrounding area.
• Plateaus are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits.
• As a result, many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau areas.
• The biggest, tallest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau.
• A plateau with a lot of erosion is called a dissected plateau.
• A plateau that is also a volcano is called a volcanic plateau.
• Some plateaus are under the ocean, like the Seychelles plateau.
| LIST OF FAMOUS PLATEAUS | |
Name of Plateau
|
Location
|
| Ahaggar Plateau | Algeria |
| Altiplano Plateau or Bolivian Plateau | South-eastern region of Peru and western region Bolivia |
| Anatolian Plateau | Turkey |
| Bavarian Plateau | Germany |
| Colorado Plateau | Southwestern part of USA |
| Columbia – Snake Plateau | Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA) |
| Deccan Plateau | India |
| Katanga Plateau | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Kimberley Plateau | Australia |
| Laurentian Plateau | Canada |
| Loess Plateau | China |
| Mascarene Plateau | Indian Ocean |
| Massif Central | France |
| Mexican Plateau | Mexico |
| Patagonian Plateau | Argentina |
| Pothohar Plateau | Pakistan |
| Spanish Plateau or Iberian Plateau | Spain |
| Tibetan Plateau | Central Asia |
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