Schedules to Indian Constitution

SCHEDULES TO INDIAN CONSTITUTION

•    Schedules to Indian constitution means some important lists that categorize the government activities.
•    Presently there are 12 Schedules in our India Constitution.

Schedule VIII [Eighth Schedule]
1.    It lists the languages recognized by the Indian Constitution.
2.    During the commencement of the constitution there were only 14 languages.
3.    Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
4.    Three amendments has been made which recognized 8 more languages.
5.    At Present there are 22 recognized languages in the Eighth Schedule.
6.    3 Amendments
        •    21st Amendment Act of 1967 - Sindhi
        •    71st Amendment Act of 1992 - Konkani, Nepali and Manipuri
        •    92nd Amendment Act of 2003 - Maithili, Santhali, Dongri and Bodo
7.    English is not a recognized language in the Schedule VIII.

Schedules to Constitution 

Schedules to Indian constitution means some important lists that categorize the government activities.

First Schedule -    State and the Union Territories
Second Schedule  -  Provisions as to
                                 1. The President and the Governors of States
                            2. Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
                              3.The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State 

                                  4.  Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts
                                  5. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Third Schedule  -  Forms of Oaths or Affirmations
Fourth Schedule  -  Allocation of seats in the Council of States
Fifth Schedule -   Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
Sixth Schedule  - Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
Seventh Schedule  -  Division of power - Union List, State List and Concurrent List
Eighth Schedule - Languages
Ninth Schedule  -  Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Tenth Schedule  -    Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection
Eleventh Schedule -   Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
Twelfth Schedule -  Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities,
etc.

Constitution of India
•    The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens.
•    It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world.B. R. Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting Committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect.

S.No      Article                Deals with
1              1            Name and Territory of Union
2              3            New States Formation, Alteration of Boundaries etc.
3           13        Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights
4             14           Equality before Law (popularly known as Right to Equality)
5            15          Prohibition of Discrimination (on basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth)
6             16            Equality in case of Public Employment
7             17            Abolition of Untouchability
8             18            Abolition of Titles
9             19         Protection of Certain Rights to Freedom (popularly known as Right to Freedom)
10           19a           Freedom of Speech & Expression
11           19b           Right to Peaceful Assembly
12           19c           Freedom of Association
13           19d          Right to Move Freely through India
14           19e          Freedom of Settlement & Residence
15         19f           (Omitted as a fundamental right – governed by article 300A.) Right to Own Personal Property.
16         19g      Freedom to Practise any Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business
17          21             Right to Life and Personal Liberty
18          21A           Right to Education
19          23             Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour
20          24             Prohibition of Child Labour
21          25             Freedom to Practise & Propagate Religion Freely
22          29             Protection of Interests of Minorities
23         32          Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights including writs
24          44             Uniform Civil Code
25          50             Separation of Judiciary from Executive
26          51             Promotion of International Peace and Security
27        51A             Fundamental Duties
28          72             Powers of President to Grant Pardons etc.
29          76             Attorney-General of India
30          78             Duties of Prime Minister
31          85             Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and Dissolution
32          93             The Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
33        100              Voting in Houses
34        105              Powers, Privileges etc. of Members of Parliament
35        106             Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament
36        108             Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament
37        109-110      Money Bills
38        112             Budget
39      123             President’s Power to Promulgate Ordinance while Parliament in Recess
40        127            Appointment of ad hoc Judges in the Supreme Court
41        139           Supreme Court’s Powers to Issue Certain Writs
42        141           Supreme Court’s Law Binding on All Courts
43      148-149       Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
44         155          Appointment of Governor
45        161           Power of Governors to Grant Pardon etc.
46        165          Advocate-General for the State
47       167           Duties of Chief Minister
48       224           Appointment of Additional & Acting Judges in High Courts
49      224A         Appointment of Retired Judges in High Courts
50       226          Power of High Courts to issue writs
51       280           Finance Commission
52       312            All India Services
53       324          Election Commission
54      335          SCs and STs claim to Services and Posts
55      343         Official Language
56      352         National Emergency
57     356          President’s Rule in case of Failure of Constitutional Machinery in States
58       360        Financial Emergency
59       368        Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution
60      370    Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir
61       392        Power of the President to remove difficulties