South Indian Kingdoms - 15 Mints Seminar Notes

 South Indian Kingdoms - 15 Mints Seminar Notes

CHERAS

• Capital: Vanji
  
• Ports: Tondi&Musiri
  
• Ruled area:
  
• Central, North and South.
  
• The Pugalur inscription of 1st century A.D.
  
• Padirruppattu – information on Chera kings
  
• Cheransenkuttuvan – 2nd century AD.
  
• The Chera kingdom owed its importance to trade with West Asia, Greece, and Rome.
  
• they governed the area between Alappuzha in the south to Kasargod in the north. This included Palghat, Coimbatore, Salem, and Kollimalai. The capital was Vanchi, which the Romans who actively traded with the Cheras knew as Muzris.
  
• He introduced Pathini cult
  
• The stone – idol of Kannagi – Himalayan expedition.
  
• CheralIrumporai – issued coins in his name.
  
• Some Chera coins bear their emblem of bow and arrow. 

Prominent Rulers of Cheras

1. PerumSoruUdayanCheralathan
   
2. ImayavarambanNedumCheralathan
   
3. CheranSenguttuvan
   
4. CheralIrumporai
   

CHOLAS

• Capital: Puhar / Uraiyur
• Ports: Puhar
  
• Flower: Fig
  
• Area: extended uptoVenkatam hills.
  
• The Kaveri delta region
  
• This area was later known as Cholamandalam.
  
• Karikal Valavan was the most famous of chola dynasity.
  
• Karikalan defeated:
  
• The combined army of the Cheras, Pandyas and 11 Velir chieftains who supported them at Venni.
  
• He built Kallani – Kaveri - ~69000 acres
  
• Their port attracted merchants – the Indian Ocean.
  
• The Pattinapaalai – Trading activity – Karikalan.
  
• The Pandya country could not be completely subdued and the Rashtrakutas were still a powerful enemy in the north. However, the Chola revival began with the accession of Rajaraja Chola I in 985.
  
• A balance of power existed between the Chalukyas and the Cholas and therewas a tacit acceptance of the Tungabhadra river as the boundary between thetwo empires.
  

Prominent rulers of cholas

1. Ilanchetsenni
   
2. KarikalValavan
   
3. Kocengannan
   
4. KilliValvan
   
5. Perunarkilli

PANDIYAS

• Capital: Madurai 
• Ports: Korkai
• Flower: Margosa
  
• Area: Present-day southern Tamil Nadu.
  
• Nedunchezhiyan – most popular warrior.
  
• He defeated the combined army of the Chera, Chola and Five Velir Chieftains at Talayalanganam.
  
• Loard of korkai
  
• Pandya: well, known for pearl hunting
  
• Pandiay kings issued many coins.
  
• Their coins have elephant on one side and fish on another side.
  
• MudukudimiPeruvazhuthiissed coins to commemorate his performance of many Vedic rituals.
  
• The armies met in several battles and the Pandya forces scored decisive victories in them. Pandyas under SrimaraSrivallaba also invaded Sri Lanka and devastated the northern provinces in 840.
  
• He fought many battles and extended the Pandya power. Pandya was well known since ancient times, with contacts, even diplomatic, reaching the Roman Empire; during the 13th century, Marco Polo mentioned it as the richest empire in existence.

Prominent Pandya Rulers

1. Nediyon
   
2. Nanmaran
   
3. Mudukudumiperuvazhuthi
   
4. Nedunchezhiyan
   

Presented By,

Sivaranjini M

Tnpsc Student

Magme School Banking