Science and technology in Agriculture - 15 Mints Seminar Notes

Science and technology in Agriculture - 15 Mints Seminar Notes

As you know today’s agriculture is evolved so much. It uses advanced technologies such as robots, sensors to measure temperature and moisture, aerial images from satellites, remote sensing, and also GPS technologies.The use of these technologies not only increases profits and yields but also helps to make more environmental-friendly practices.

Crop Rotation

Crop Rotation is a method of planting different crops one after the other on the same farm to improve soil health and also to fight against pests.

Water Sampling

• Today water Sampling is done in most area to check whether the water complies with water quality standards such as is it suitable for drinking for both Humans and Animals, is good for cultivation.
  
• In Water Sampling, water is collected from a particular region and tested for quality and other standards.
  

Drone/ Remote sensing

• Earlier, in developed countries Aircraft were used for putting fertilizers, pesticides, etc.Today these were replaced by Drones. As Drones a cheaper, even in developing like India, Brazil, etc Drones are used in Agriculture.
  
• Drones have multiple applications, as drone uses cameras which are used for crop health monitoring and also to gather, analyses other agriculture-related pieces of information
  

Green Revolution

• Green Revolution refers to technological breakthroughs in agriculture. During the 1960s the traditional agricultural practices were replaced by modern technologies gradually.
  
• Initially, the new technology was tried in 1960-61 in 7 districts as a pilot project. This was called as High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP).
  

Achievement of Green Revolution

• Boost in the production of major cereals such as wheat and rice. India’s dependency on the US for Food Grains The Green revolution was confined only to High Yielding Varieties (HYV) such as rice, wheat, maize, and jowar.
  
• The productivity of all crops per hectare had increased due to better seeds. The green revolution had a good effect on the development of industries, that manufactured agricultural tools like tractors, engines, threshers, and pumping sets.
  
• It increased rural employment and their standard of living.
  
  Digital Farming Techniques
  
• The farming industry also applied several modern technologies to help them better maintain their crops.
  
• One technology in particular is GPS, which allows farmers to monitor their acreage and accurately take samples of their soil year after year.
  
• Additionally, there are water irrigation systems that farmers can install that allow them to water their crops from their smartphones. Some farms are even utilizing drones to induce pollination because of the lack of bees.
  

Genetically modified crops

• Introduction genetically modified seeds which double per acreage production.
  
• Genetic engineering uses understanding of DNA to identify and work with genes to increase crop that can be resistance to pest
  

Artificial intelligence (AI)

• It decides the better crop yield and place of harvest. AI tools has made possible to reach the solution based data that indicates weather conditions, type of harvesting method a crop need and type of soil structure.
  
• PM FasalBimaYojanawill be welcoming AI technology to reduce time consumption in settling claims of farmers.
  

Key points:-

• Improve seed, crop and livestock productivity.
  
• Greenhouse+ Combined with automatic or semi-automatic appliances.
  
• Drip irrigation or mist irrigation.
  
• Non-soil farming techniques:- Hydroponics, growing plants on substrate.
  
• Paddy thresher
  
• Solar sprayer.
  
• Crop sensors. ( Fertilizer application in effective manner).
  
• Ultrasound for livestock:- Checking of animal womb and meat quality.
  
• Monitoring and controlling crop irrigation system via smartphone, moisture sensors presenting
  
• Promote agriculture mechanisation to improve labour productivity-
  
• Losses of post harvesting has decreased
  
• Contribute to industry growth by restructuring the agriculture technology and export ideas.