Physiography of India - Part 3

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF INDIA - PART 3

LATITUDINAL DIVISIONS OF NORTHERN PLAINS
Bhabar
•    A Narrow, Continuous belt along the foothills of Shivaliks, from Indus to Tista
•    Consists of degraded materials- pebbles. It’s a porous zone.
•    Rivers are lost here after emerging from Himalayas
•    Consists of alluvial cones and inter-cones

Terai
•    Region (in Uttar Pradesh) where rivers re-emerge after being lost in Bhabar region
•    Consists of wetlands and marshes. Rice cultivation practiced here
•    Fertile soils, only soil having nitrates in India.
•    In Assam, this region is called Duars, useful for tea cultivation

Bhangar
•    Alluvial Terraces along the river floodplains; consists of calcareous Kankars.
•    Known by different names in different regions

      1.Barind    :    West Bengal

      2.Bhur       :    Aeolian deposits in upper Ganga-Yamuna doab

      3.Dhaiya    :    Punjab (highly gullied)

      4.Dharos & Dhands    :    Indus (long & narrow)

Khadar
•    New alluvium in floodplains of rivers.
•    Highly fertile soils consisting of ox-bow lakes and meanders